Just to give you an idea of land size and location, East Germany was just a little smaller than Tennessee, and had Poland and Czechoslovakia on its eastern borders. In total,. [citation needed], The city is known as the second-largest publishing centre in the world (around 250 publishing houses have offices in the city), and many national and international publications are published in Munich, such as Arts in Munich, LAXMag and Prinz. [20][21] He had the sermons of his Jesuit court preacher Jeremias Drexel translated from Latin into German and published them to a greater audience. The Coopers' Dance (German: Schfflertanz) is a guild dance of coopers originally started in Munich. [41] William V had the Hofbruhaus built in 1589. One of the best-known newly established Munich companies is Flixbus. He ruled over vast territories in the German Holy Roman Empire from the North and Baltic Sea to the Alps. Catholic Munich strongly resisted the Reformation and was a political point of divergence during the resulting Thirty Years' War, but remained physically untouched despite an occupation by the Protestant Swedes. Mar 3, 2023 - Rent from people in Munich, Germany from $20/night. Prinzregentenstrae runs parallel to Maximilianstrae and begins at Prinz-Carl-Palais. Having undergone several extensions, it contains also the treasury and the splendid rococo Cuvillis Theatre. De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston 2012, S. 420. Duke Louis IV, a native of Munich, was elected German king in 1314 and crowned as Holy Roman Emperor in 1328. Cologne / Kln (1.1 million), a major center of art, trade, and carnival, founded by the Romans in 50 AD. They are central to the city's culture and serve as a kind of melting pot for members of all walks of life, for locals, expatriates and tourists alike. Reduced or included! The German news agency Deutsche Presse-Agentur says the mayor of the municipality of Eging, east of Munich, has confirmed the three men were from Germany and two were residents of his small Bavarian town. Until 1989, this country was commonly viewed as . Ludwig II tried to lure Richard Wagner to Munich, but his plans for an opera house were declined by the city council. [22], The ancient Roman road Via Julia, which connected Augsburg and Salzburg, crossed over the Isar River south of modern-day Munich, at the towns of Baierbrunn and Gauting. [71], In Munich, Bayerischer Rundfunk began its first television broadcast in 1954. Time just seems to move slowly here. 16341984. Other large green spaces are the modern Olympiapark, the Westpark, and the parks of Nymphenburg Palace (with the Botanischer Garten Mnchen-Nymphenburg to the north), and Schleissheim Palace. [57] In 1911 the expressionist group Der Blaue Reiter was established in Munich. Why was East Germany smaller than West Germany? The Black Forest gets its name from the oppressive canopy of evergreens looming above the forest floor. The distance between Nuremberg and Berlin is 378 km. [132] It was the first and still is one of only a few in Western Europe to also occupy a building of its own. Munich, by contrast, has been governed by the SPD for all but six years since 1948. About 45% of Munich's residents are not affiliated with any religious group; this ratio represents the fastest growing segment of the population. There are furthermore strong interpersonal differences between Eastern and Western Germans. It is the seat of the Landtag of Bavaria, the State Chancellery, and all state departments. [citation needed], In 2007 the ecological restoration of the river Isar in the urban area of Munich was awarded the Water Development Prize by the German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste (known as DWA in German). TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. [38] During the rule of Duke William V Munich began to be called the "German Rome" and William V began presenting Emperor Charlemagne as ancestor of the Wittelsbach dynasty. The logic of filtering a mode of transport is fully expressed in a comprehensive model for laying out neighbourhoods and districts the fused grid. The oldest church within the city borders is Heilig Kreuz in Frttmaning next to the Allianz Arena, known for its Romanesque fresco. Starting in 1948 West Germany became a major recipient of reconstruction aid . [118], April and May, Theresienwiese:[118] 2. [118] According to the festival's website, Tollwood's goal is to promote culture and the environment, with the main themes of "tolerance, internationality, and openness". The Augsburg Arbitration mentions the name of the location in dispute as forum apud Munichen. . When Bavaria was reunited in 1506 after a brief war against the Duchy of Landshut, Munich became its capital. Mainline trains converge on Hauptbahnhof from all parts of Germany and beyond, so you normally change there for S- and U-Bahn trains to Munich's eastern districts. Its origins go back to the 17th/18th century, but has become popular when the festivities were first televised in the 1980s. For a short while, Vladimir Lenin lived in Schwabing, where he wrote and published his most important work, What Is to Be Done? [citation needed], From the Gothic to the Baroque era, the fine arts were represented in Munich by artists like Erasmus Grasser, Jan Polack, Johann Baptist Straub, Ignaz Gnther, Hans Krumpper, Ludwig von Schwanthaler, Cosmas Damian Asam, Egid Quirin Asam, Johann Baptist Zimmermann, Johann Michael Fischer and Franois de Cuvillis. The Olympic Park subway station was built near the BMW Headquarters and the line was completed May 1972, three months before the opening of the 1972 Summer Olympics. The Ultimate History of BMW. Another notable park is Ostpark located in the Ramersdorf-Perlach borough which also houses the Michaelibad, the largest water park in Munich. Since then, Munich has become Germany's third-largest city. The city's oldest park is the Hofgarten, near the Residenz, dating back to the 16th century. [citation needed], The establishment of Bavarian state sovereignty profoundly affected Munich. Establishments open and close every year, and due to gentrification and the overheated housing market many survive only a few years, while others last longer. Apart from the Kultfarbik and the smaller Optimolwerke, there is a wide variety of establishments in the urban parts of nearby Haidhausen. The state parliament (the Landtag) and the new archdiocese of Munich and Freising were also located in the city. The nearby Schackgalerie is an important gallery of German 19th-century paintings. functions and expanded the physical presence of control mechanisms. The other half was divided between the Soviet Union, Poland, and Lithuania. Other contributing factors are the extraordinarily high rates of car ownership per capita (multiple times that of Berlin), the city's historically grown and largely preserved centralised urban structure, which leads to a very high concentration of traffic in specific areas, and sometimes poor planning (for example bad traffic light synchronisation and a less than ideal ring road). Leo, Mnchen 1992, ISBN 3-928935-00-3, Moorhouse, Roger, Killing Hitler: The Third Reich and the Plots against the Fhrer. Multiple beer gardens can be found in both parts of the Englischer Garten, the most well-known being located at the Chinese Pagoda. Other notable musicians and bands from Munich include Konstantin Wecker, Willy Astor, Spider Murphy Gang, Mnchener Freiheit, Lou Bega, Megaherz, FSK, Colour Haze and Sportfreunde Stiller. Its dome dominates the Odeonsplatz. After 2005, passenger traffic of nearby Augsburg Airport was relocated to Munich Airport, leaving the Augsburg region of Bavaria without an air passenger airport within close reach. After the murder of the first republican premier of Bavaria Kurt Eisner in February 1919 by Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley, the Bavarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed. Sign-posted cycle routes are the Outer uere Radlring (outer cycle route) and the RadlRing Mnchen.[129]. East Germany (German: Ostdeutschland), officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik, pronounced [dt demokat epublik] (), DDR, pronounced [dede] ()), was a country in Central Europe that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. It's because only half of the Russian Occupation Zone became East Germany. Zur 75-Jahrfeier der Eingemeindung Oberfhrings. Nowadays it is entirely a park, its southern half being dominated by wide-open areas, hills, monuments and beach-like stretches (along the streams Eisbach and Schwabinger Bach). [51], By the time Ludwig II became king in 1864, he remained mostly aloof from his capital and focused more on his fanciful castles in the Bavarian countryside, which is why he is known the world over as the 'fairytale king'. In 2008, the Bavarian state government granted a licence to expand Oberpfaffenhofen Air Station located west of Munich, for commercial use. Brewers and the beer taverns (Wirtshuser) were taxed, and the state also controlled the quality of beer while limiting the competition among breweries. It is a Munich speciality. [8] Munich is consistently ranked as one of the most expensive cities in Germany in terms of real estate prices and rental costs. 3-Migration from East Germany to West Germany 1949-1987. Regular annual road running events in Munich are the Munich Marathon in October, the Stadtlauf end of June, the company run B2Run in July, the New Year's Run on 31 December, the Spartan Race Sprint, the Olympia Alm Crosslauf and the Bestzeitenmarathon. The mayor of Munich at the time described the camp as a place to detain political opponents of the Nazi policy. Henry wanted to expand his power in Bavaria by gaining control of the lucrative salt trade, which the Catholic Church in Freising had under its control. Its founding members include Gabriele Mnter.[58]. The grand building projects of Ludwig I got Munich the endearment "Isar-Athen" and "Monaco di Bavaria". It is also very affordable when it comes to the cost of living. In 1933, 840,901 inhabitants were counted, and in 1957 over 1million. Munich has significance as a financial centre (second only to Frankfurt), being home of HypoVereinsbank and the Bayerische Landesbank. Legend has it they were inspired by Germanys Black Forest (Schwarzwald)the spectacular mountain range in Baden-Wrttemberg. The king handed the brewing monopoly to Munich's wealthiest brewers, who in turn paid substantial taxs on their beer production. By Kppen classification templates and updated data the climate is oceanic (Cfb), independent of the isotherm but with some humid continental (Dfb) features like warm to hot summers and cold winters, but without permanent snow cover. Buy-to-let apartment in Schneberg, 66 m. In 1918, during the German Revolution, the ruling house of Wittelsbach, which had governed Bavaria since 1180, was forced to abdicate in Munich and a short-lived socialist republic was declared. For its urban population of 2.6million people, Munich and its closest suburbs have a comprehensive network of public transport incorporating the Munich U-Bahn (underground railway), the Munich S-Bahn (suburban trains), trams and buses. [citation needed], In 1919, the Bavaria Film Studios were founded, which developed into one of Europe's largest film studios. [126] There are also over 100 rides ranging from bumper cars to full-sized roller coasters, as well as the more traditional Ferris wheels and swings. Published April 23, 2021 06:44:00 At the end of World War II, Germany was divided in half, leaving West and East Germany. $20).[154]. Kirchenverwaltung und Pfarrgemeinderat St. Albert, Mnchen 1990, S. 1315. Siegestor (gate of victory) sits at the northern end of Ludwigstrae, where the latter passes over into Leopoldstrae and the district of Schwabing begins. [45] In 1831 the king's government introduced a cost-of-living allowance on beer for lower-ranking civil servants and soldiers. In 2015, the transport modal share in Munich was 38 percent public transport, 25 percent car, 23 percent walking, and 15 percent bicycle. [170], This article is about the city in Germany. Facts & figures Population: 13.1 million State capital: Munich Surface area: 70,552 km2 Gross domestic product in million (2019): 632,897 (2nd place) Munich also played a significant role in the development of electronic music, with genre pioneer Giorgio Moroder, who invented synth disco and electronic dance music, and Donna Summer, one of disco music's most important performers, both living and working in the city. Schloss Nymphenburg (Nymphenburg Palace), some 6km (4mi) north west of the city centre, is surrounded by an park and is considered[by whom?] Hannes Burger: 350 Jahre Paulaner-Salvator-Thomasbru AG. When we compare the travel costs of actual travelers between Nuremberg and Munich, we can see that Munich is more expensive. Zweite Stammstrecke Mnchen. Ludwigvorstadt and Isarvorstadt. InterCity and EuroCity trains to destinations east of Munich also stop at Munich East. In the first six months of this year, an average of 55 East Germans a month fled directly into West Germany by scaling the Berlin Wall, according to the August 13 Working Group, a private . Munich remained a centre of cultural life during the Weimar period, with figures such as Lion Feuchtwanger, Bertolt Brecht, Peter Paul Althaus, Stefan George, Ricarda Huch, Joachim Ringelnatz, Oskar Maria Graf, Annette Kolb, Ernst Toller, Hugo Ball and Klaus Mann adding to the already established big names. [155] Munich is also a centre for biotechnology, software and other service industries. [81][82] The proximity to the Alps brings higher volumes of rainfall and consequently greater susceptibility to flood problems. Especially in its suburbs, Munich features a wide and diverse array of modern architecture, although strict culturally sensitive height limitations for buildings have limited the construction of skyscrapers to avoid a loss of views to the distant Bavarian Alps. [119] It became a public festival in 1751 and is now the second largest beer festival in Munich. By the way, we also walked through Munich from north to south - always towards the sun from BMW Welt to Hinterbrhl. listen); Bavarian: Freistoot Boarn), is a landlocked state (Land) and the land of Bavarians, in the south-east of Germany. When Communists took power, Lenin, who had lived in Munich some years before, sent a congratulatory telegram, but the Soviet Republic was ended on 3 May 1919 by the Freikorps. In 1568 Albrecht V built the Antiquarium to house the Wittelsbach collection of Greek and Roman antiquities in the Munich Residenz. Bayerischer Architekten- und Ingenieurverein (Hrsg. Traffic jams are commonplace during rush hour as well as at the beginning and end of major holidays in Germany. Late-July to mid-August, city-wide: Mini-Munich provides kids ages 715 with the opportunity to participate in a Spielstadt, the German term for a miniature city composed almost entirely of children. Environmental pollution is low, although as of 2006[update] the city council is concerned about levels of particulate matter (PM), especially along the city's major thoroughfares. When the bubonic plague broke out in 1634 and 1635, about one-third of the population died. Other attractions of the festival include a flea market on the festival's first Saturday, a Beer Queen contest, a vintage car show on the first Sunday, fireworks every Friday night, and a "Day of Traditions" on the final day. Several non-centralised museums (many of those are public collections at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt) show the expanded state collections of palaeontology, geology, mineralogy,[115] zoology, botany and anthropology. Zelenskiy speaks at Munich security conference as Scholz, Macron and Kamala Harris are in Germany; French leader says Ukraine needs more support This video has been removed. Music is so important in the Bavarian capital that the city hall gives permissions every day to ten musicians for performing in the streets around Marienplatz. Since the 1960s, the Rosa Viertel (pink quarter) developed in the Glockenbachviertel and around Grtnerplatz, which in the 1980s made Munich "one of the four gayest metropolises in the world" along with San Francisco, New York City and Amsterdam. Oberbayern, Niederbayern, Oberpfalz (in German), Mnchen: C. H. Beck, p. 171, ISBN 978-3-406-55206-9. US troops liberated Munich on April 30, 1945. The Lenbachhaus houses works by the group of Munich-based modernist artists known as Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider). Why Do Cross Country Runners Have Skinny Legs? It is the home of the Bavarian State Opera and the Bavarian State Orchestra. Nightlife in Munich is located mostly in the boroughs Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt, Maxvorstadt, Au-Haidhausen, Berg am Laim and Sendling. In 1876 Munich hosted the first German Art and Industry Exhibition, which showcased the northern Neo-Renaissance fashion that came to be the German Empire's predominant style. Bavarias main cities are Munich (its capital and largest city and also the third largest city in Germany), Nuremberg, and Augsburg. EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Limited Or Anthology Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie. The growing number of bicycle lanes are widely used throughout the year. [127] Over 7million liters of beer are consumed at each Oktoberfest. von Manfred Niemeyer. since 1905. Berlin Central Station functions as hub of train transport in Eastern Germany. Many operas were staged there, including the premiere of Mozart's Idomeneo in 1781. It culminated in the construction of the Berlin Wall in August 1961. Several national and international authorities are located in Munich, including the Federal Finance Court of Germany, the German Patent Office and the European Patent Office. Also much consumed, though not from Munich and thus without the right to have a tent at the Oktoberfest, are Tegernseer and Schneider Weisse, the latter of which has a major beer hall in Munich. [136][134][137] Transsexual icon Romy Haag had a club in the city centre for many years. In the 1920s, Munich became home to several political factions, among them the NSDAP. [60], In 1923, Adolf Hitler and his supporters, who were concentrated in Munich, staged the Beer Hall Putsch, an attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic and seize power. King Ludwig I managed to acquire such pieces as the Medusa Rondanini, the Barberini Faun and figures from the Temple of Aphaea on Aegina for the Glyptothek. Is Black Forest mountain a block mountain? [24], In the 6th Century and beyond, various ethnic groups, such as the Baiuvarii, populated the area around what is now modern Munich, such as in Johanneskirchen, Feldmoching, Bogenhausen and Pasing. [5], South of Munich, there are numerous nearby freshwater lakes such as Lake Starnberg, Ammersee, Chiemsee, Walchensee, Kochelsee, Tegernsee, Schliersee, Simssee, Staffelsee, Wrthsee, Kirchsee and the Osterseen (Easter Lakes), which are popular among Munich residents for recreation, swimming and watersports and can be quickly reached by car and a few also by Munich's S-Bahn. [111] Popular indoor swimming pools include the Olympia Schwimmhalle of the 1972 Summer Olympics, the wave pool Cosimawellenbad, as well as the Mllersches Volksbad which was built in 1901. The most precipitation occurs in July, on average. What cities were part of East Germany? The city is also the location of the programming headquarters of Germany's largest public broadcasting network, ARD, while the largest commercial network, Pro7-Sat1 Media AG, is headquartered in the suburb of Unterfhring. The Deutsches Museum or German Museum, located on an island in the River Isar, is the largest and one of the oldest science museums in the world. The city was home to the Blue Rider's painters Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, Alexej von Jawlensky, Gabriele Mnter, Franz Marc, August Macke and Alfred Kubin. . Fritz Lutz: Oberfhring. Similarly, Weinstrae leads off northwards to the Hofgarten. In 1807 the king abolished all ordinances that limited the number of apprentices and journeymen a brewery could employ. Under the regency of the Bavarian electors, Munich was an important centre of Baroque life, but also had to suffer under Habsburg occupations in 1704 and 1742. Also mention the methods of transportation you would use to effect your escape. School of Mgmt", "Study conducted by INSM (New Social Market Economy Initiative) and WirtschaftsWoche magazine", "Endlich amtlich: Kln ist Millionenstadt", "In Hesse the purchasing power is highest in Germany CyberPress", "EUR to USD - Exchange Rate - Euro to Dollar Conversion - Live Rates", "Insurance - Munich Financial Centre Initiative", "Gesunde Luft fr Gesunde Brger Stoppt Dieselru! The Baiuvarii had settled modern-day Bavaria (which is named after them), Austria, and South Tyrol by the 6th century AD, and are considered the ancestors of modern-day Bavarians and Austrians. The area is also a hub for the LBGTQI+ community and has a number of gay bars. [70], After US occupation in 1945, Munich was completely rebuilt following a meticulous plan, which preserved its pre-war street grid, bar a few exceptions owing to then modern traffic concepts. [120] There are two beer tents, Hippodrom and Festhalle Bayernland, as well as one roofed beer garden, Mnchner Weibiergarten. It covered the area of the present-day German states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Berlin (excluding West Berlin), Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, and Thringen. Getty Images 40. The architect Paul Troost was asked to start work shortly after the Nazis had seized power because "the most German of all German cities" was left with no exhibition building when in 1931 the Glass Palace was destroyed in an arson. Whereas residents in the Bavarian city of Starnberg near Munich topped the list of 401 districts and independent towns with an average annual disposable income of 34,987 ($39,150), the North. Since the administrative reform in 1992, Munich is divided into 25 boroughs or Stadtbezirke, which themselves consist of smaller quarters. Between Sendlinger Tor and Maximiliansplatz, on the edge of the central Altstadt-Lehel district, there is also the so-called Feierbanane (party banana), a roughly banana-shaped unofficial party zone spanning 1.3km (0.8mi) along Sonnenstrae, characterized by a high concentration of clubs, bars and restaurants, which became the center of Munich's nightlife in the mid-2000s. Beer was essential in maintaining public health in Munich and in the mid 1840s Munich police estimated that at least 40,000 residents relied primarily on beer for their nutrition. In 1157 Henry the Lion, duke of Bavaria, granted the monks the right to establish a market where the road from Salzburg met the Isar River. 2km (1mi) northwest of Nymphenburg Palace is Schloss Blutenburg (Blutenburg Castle), an old ducal country seat with a late-Gothic palace church. Many museums are on the avenue, such as the Haus der Kunst, the Bavarian National Museum and the Schackgalerie. Nuremberg (Nrnberg) is full of tradition and innovation. Jonathan Cape, 2006, pp. The Karlstor leads up to the Stachus, a square dominated by the Justizpalast (Palace of Justice) and a fountain. [40] William V was addressed with the epithet "the Pious" and like his contemporary Wittelsbach dukes promoted himself as "father of the land" (Landesvater), encouraged pilgrimages and Marian devotions. ICE highspeed trains stop at Munich-Pasing and Munich-Hauptbahnhof only. Nuremberg is a good place to live. Central to Schwabing's bohemian scene (although they were actually often located in the nearby Maxvorstadt quarter) were Knstlerlokale (artist's cafs) like Caf Stefanie or Kabarett Simpl, whose liberal ways differed fundamentally from Munich's more traditional localities. Before the Kunstpark Ost, there had already been an accumulation of internationally known nightclubs in the remains of the abandoned former Munich-Riem Airport. The name of the city is usually interpreted as deriving from the Old/Middle High German form Munichen, meaning "by the monks". Smaller breweries are becoming more prevalent in Munich, such as Giesinger Bru. Starkbier was created in 1651 by the local Paulaner monks who drank this 'Flssiges Brot', or liquid bread to survive the fasting of Lent. [127] In the last 200 years the festival has grown to span 85 acres and now welcomes over 6million visitors every year. In Fasangarten is the former McGraw Kaserne, a former US army base, near Stadelheim Prison. West Germany had nothing comparable. There are few "green waves" or roundabouts, and the city's prosperity often causes an abundance of obstructive construction sites. Munich is a leading location for science and research with a long list of Nobel Prize laureates from Wilhelm Conrad Rntgen in 1901 to Theodor Hnsch in 2005. In Munich, 950 mm (37.5 in) of rain or snow fall per year. Helles, a pale lager with a translucent gold colour is the most popular Munich beer today, although it's not old (only introduced in 1895) and is the result of a change in beer tastes. On its site today stands the GEMA Building, the Gasteig Cultural Centre and the Munich City Hilton Hotel. [116][135] Bars in the Schwabing district of this era include, among many others, Schwabinger 7 and Schwabinger Podium. It has taken place over nine days each, three times a year. [133], Munich has the highest density of music venues of any German city, followed by Hamburg, Cologne and Berlin. The average amount of time people spend commuting to and from work with public transit in Munich on a weekday is 56 min. We round up some top events happening around the world in April", "Munich Tollwood Winter Festival: until December 31", "Tollwood Mnchen: Veranstaltungen, Konzerte, Theater, Markt", "Oktoberfest Facts, Trivia and Stats for 2018", "Grndungsmythos der Schffler: So wahr wie die offiziellen Abgaswerte der Autoindustrie", "MICHELIN Guide, Germany, Munich Restaurants", "Circus Krone: Europe's largest traditional circus", "11 verrckte Clubs in Mnchen, die Geschichte schrieben", "Mnchen ist "New Yorks groe Discoschwester", "Corpus Techno: The music of the future will soon be history", "Club Legenden #4: Raves und Nirvanas letztes Konzert am Flughafen Riem", "Clubstudie 2021: Initiative Musik legt Einzelauswertungen der Bundeslnder vor", "Clubstudie 2021: Einzelauswertungen der Bundeslnder", "Die besten Clubs & Techno Partys in Mnchen heute", "Management Studium Private Hochschule ISM Intern. When did Germany split into East and West? The most recent mayoral election was held on 15 March 2020, with a runoff held on 29 March, and the results were as follows: The Munich city council (Stadtrat) governs the city alongside the Mayor. Its tower contains the Rathaus-Glockenspiel. Munich is also home of the famous Nockherberg Strong Beer Festival during the Lenten fasting period (usually in March). [17][18], The name in modern German is Mnchen, but this has been variously translated in different languages: in English, French, Spanish and various other languages as "Munich", in Italian as "Monaco di Baviera", in Portuguese as "Munique". Buchendorfer Verlag, Mnchen 2001, ISBN 3-934036-40-6, Kap. Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps. [15] Munich's numerous architectural and cultural attractions, sports events, exhibitions and its annual Oktoberfest, the world's largest Volksfest, attract considerable tourism.[16]. It is used by about 46million passengers a year, and lies some 30km (19mi) north east of the city centre. Communism: The Politics of Self-Representation Among Displaced Persons in Munich, 1945-51', PhD thesis, University of Chicago, 2005; Henriette von Holleuffer, Zwischen Fremde und . Bath, UK: Parragon Publishing. Munich is also one of the most attractive business locations in Germany. Dresden. who fled or were expelled from East-Central Europe in its wake (Flchtlinge or .

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