He became the first guard to be charged with homicide. A former car dealership displays a graffiti representation of Bloody Sunday on its boarded facade. Ironically, this historical and troubling development came on the heels of the significant victories of prison reform cases which were meant to curtail the conditions of prisons, yet set the stage for prison gangs and gang violence to foment. United States "On the streets where the Italian Mob once ruled, a new syndicate was taking over, run by tough, ambitious Albanian immigrants, who still clump to a code of silence." But, soon after the murder of Joe Arredondo, Sandoval was charged with the crime and inmates who were allegedly present provided corroborating details. How Bloody Sunday changed American minds about Northern Ireland - RTE.ie The Polish mob has told its associates that the Albanians are like the early Sicilian Mafia clannish, secretive, hypersensitive to any kind of insult, and too quick to use violence for the sake of vengeance. Prison gangs commit homicides and assaults to establish dominance. Australia Godfather of an Albanian Mafia family 'Daut Kadriovski' gained attention of Australian Authorities after creating a drug pipeline through Albanian and Croatian communities in Sydney and Brisbane. Selma's 'Bloody Sunday': What to know about the march for civil rights Blacks. Just a day later, at the Ramsey II Unit on September 9, 1985 a disturbance occurred which consisted of two inmates in the process of a fight. Texas prisons were mostly gang-free until bloody battles broke out in 1984-85 between the Mexican Mafia and Texas Syndicate as well as the Aryan Brotherhood and Mandingo Warriors. There are a lot of ways they can get you in trouble (McKay, 1991). All Rights Reserved. Fintan O'Toole: Bloody Sunday, the 10-minute massacre that lasted 8,126 Hispanic members operate across Texas, including specific reportings in the Coffield Unit, about 60 miles southwest of Tyler, and at the Allred prison unit outside of Wichita Falls. He was fatally stabbed by confirmed Texas Syndicate member Antonio Hernandez who was serving a seventeen-year burglary conviction (Buentello, 1986). The Bloody Sunday Inquiry, also known as the Saville Inquiry or the Saville Report after its chairman, Lord Saville of Newdigate, was established in 1998 by British Prime Minister Tony Blair after . Many of these Mexican American inmates who became prison gang members had to submit to a serious requirement for membership and could only leave the gang through their death. The unconstitutional findings exposed by the court ruling uncovered issues within the Texas prison system such as overcrowding, inadequate security (collapsed the building tenders), inadequate healthcare, unsafe working conditions, and severe punishment policies. On September 7, 1916 Nicholas Terranova was murdered, giving the Camorra gangs the advantage. (Associated Press), On Jan 29, 2009, high ranking Texas Syndicate member Ricardo Ortiz is executed by the state of Texas for his role in a 1997 murder. He was digging himself deeper into their clutches and soon found himself processing a money order of two hundred and fifty dollars and was paid a percentage of that. Employment opportunities were not plentiful in South Texas, and so the next day, a Sunday [June 23], the newlyweds threw their possessions into a suitcase and a grocery bag, and drove Sandovals Datsun to Conroe (Draper, 1991). A week later another juror wrote Sandoval a four-page letter, expressing her chagrin that he had been put through all the agony (Draper, 1991). According to Ioannis Michaletos, the family structure is characterized by a strong inner discipline, which is achieved by a means of punishment for every deviation from the internal rules, so that the fear should guarantee an unconditional loyalty to the family, with the provisions of the official laws considered to be secondary, not important and non-binding. New employment opportunities were too good to pass up for Sandoval and broadly speaking, for Mexican Americans. Sandovals attorney, Steve Fischer, had helped Sandoval in his trial by successfully eliminating the option for the prosecutor to illustrate the connection of Sandoval to the criminal activity. (El Paso Times) Bloody Sunday - SNCC Digital Gateway SNCC Digital Gateway In the 1980s, one employment pursuit was prisoner guard positions in Texas, positions which were not glowingly sought after. Danielle S. Willkens "Once we identify a name and the story behind them, we can track. Once the guard had completed the innocuous task that was against the policies of the prisons, the inmate(s) continue to slowly press the guard or staff member into other obligations that eventually lead to illegal acts. Ultimately, as the histories of prison continue to expand, the inclusion of Mexican Americans as an integral population to its history is necessary; we grow to contest the views of Mexican Americans as a criminalized population, discern an increased incarcerated population, and also recognize them becoming institutional operatives of the prison system itself. 50 Years On, Bloody Sunday's Wounds Are Still Felt Italians. The wardens, staff, guards, and building tenders were predominately White. On Monday [June 24], at eight in the morning, Sandoval reported for duty at the Ellis I training academy in Huntsville (Draper, 1991) where he eventually secured employment with the TDC as a prison guard after completing several weeks of mandatory training. Gonzales was a Texas Mexican Mafia member and was allegedly killed by members of the Texas Syndicate (Buentello, 1986). Bloody Sunday Protest March, Selma, Alabama, March 7, 1965 - BlackPast.org These members expressed their concern, similar to those leveraged by Sandoval in his 24-page letter, that the state used Sandoval as a Mexican American scapegoat for the corruption and problems occurring in the prison system as they became visible to the public during a tumultuous period following Texas prison reform. Just a few weeks before the Cesario Gonzales homicide that Luis Sandoval witnessed, Arturo Astro Aguilar, a Texas Mexican Mafia member was murdered on August 22, 1985 in the Eastham Unit by the Texas Syndicate. Photographer Helped Expose Brutality Of Selma's 'Bloody Sunday' : Code Switch Some of the most iconic images of marchers being attacked by Alabama state troopers at the Edmund Pettus Bridge in . 3. On a cold Sunday, the 22 nd of January, 1905, tens of thousands of workers in St. Petersburg, the capital of Russia, marched to the Tsar's splendorous Winter Palace to deliver a petition. Their gang activity in this case was approved because of racial kinship. He did not complete his college education although he went farther than many Mexican Americans from this region. Sunday Bloody Sunday Lyrics [Intro] Yeah, mm-hm [Verse 1] I can't believe the news today Oh, I can't close my eyes and make it go away [Refrain] How long? South Texas Syndicate Oil & Gas Property - MineralAnswers.com Bloody Sunday 1920 - Croke Park These homicides were in part, primarily caused by the war between the Texas Syndicate and the newly formed Texas Mexican Mafia who sought to gain the reins of power as the building tender system was being demolished. His neck had been slashed; his head was all but severed. Like Sandoval, many inmates were both Mexican Americans and Texas residents, thus a sense of comfortability existed between inmate and guard. People here dont want to believe a guard would do something like that (McKay, 1991). MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer. Bloody Sunday: What Happened? How Many Died? - HistoryExtra The Aztecas murder their TS victim by slamming his head through jail bars. Sandoval experienced the escalated violence in the summer of 1985 first hand as he initiated his career as a correctional officer. At this point Sandoval, along with other guards, or staff members became the duck and were now leveraged against by the inmates as the victims or co-conspirators dug themselves deeper into the clutches of the inmates bidding as a representative of a prison gang. Inside the walls of each prison is drugs, prostitution, gambling, extortion, and grand theft, but no investigation into any of these things has ever been made (Draper, 1991). The War was between the Sicilian Morello-Terranova family and Brooklyn Camorra gangs led by Pellegrino Morano. The panel consisted of acting/front boss Thomas "Tommy Ryan" Eboli, underboss Gerardo "Gerry" Catena and consigliere Michele "Big Mike" Miranda while others served in the advisory capacity, Mike Coppola was considered an influential capo and was used to help the panel. Civil Right's 'Bloody Sunday' - National Geographic Society bloody sunday Dem Leaders Urged to Mark Bloody Sunday by Acting on Voting Rights, Economic Justice "This is no time for foolishness, photo-ops, and flaky commitments," declares a letter from faith leaders including Bishop William Barber II and Rev. The State of Texas vs Luis H. Sandoval Case No. Jose Lopez, founding member of the Texas Mexican Mafia stated, once you know you get out well youre marked by the gang for extermination (Riggs, 2011). The Azteca's murder their TS victim by slamming his head through jail bars. How. - Were still trying to learn about their culture and figure out what makes them tick, James Farley, FBI supervisory special agent, and expert on organized crime, says of the Albanians. Conclusion App., 2002), On June of 1997 Texas Syndicate and Barrio Azteca settle a truce and sign a peace agreement called the Manifesto. Released or parole members who generate money for the Texas Syndicate must surrender a 10% tax ("the dime") of all proceeds toward the gang in prison. He further wrote, I am not the only one who worked there that knows that TDCJ is linked to the gangs and their illegal activities. The Rudaj Organization , also called "The Corporation", was a well known Albanian criminal organization operating in the New York City metro area. He was twenty-one and she was fifteen. Ruz claimed the Texas Department of Corrections (TDC) prison system violated the U.S. Constitutions 8th Amendment which prohibited cruel and unusual punishment. Agim Gashi : Leader of an Albanian Mafia clan based out of Italy. U2's "Sunday Bloody Sunday" version of the song is designed to transport the listener into 1970's war-torn Ireland where your present watching the horror unfold as an observer. This included its leader Alex Rudaj , and effectively ended the criminal organization. In Games The videogame Grand Theft Auto IV features the "Petrela gang" a small crew of Albanian shylocks and goods smugglers. They continued the war and within month's police began arresting top members of the Camorra gangs. So, I started realizing that if I did that I was going to stay here a lot longer, so I started thinking about my family and the world [and realized] they need me more than the family I was here with in this game (Riggs, 2011). His brief story represented the limited social and economic opportunities that impacted many Tejanos; the continuance of a larger, repeated, and unceasing story in Texas. What is 'Bloody Sunday'? How attacks against Black marchers in Selma Historically, the Mexican American population in Texas had been wrought with unfair legal and social practices that had negatively impacted this marginalized population for over a century. Charles Brown, a TDCJ spokesman said, an 8-inch long flat piece of metal and a boning knife were recovered at the scene, likely the murder weapons (Graczyk, 1985). However, they still maintain their headquarters in California, where their national president resides, and their numbers continue to reach into state and federal prisons across the US. Albanian mafia The Albanian Mafia or Albanian Organized Crime are the general terms used for criminal organizations based in Albania or composed of ethnic Albanians .

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